Cell death can be driven by a genetically programmed signalling pathway known as programmed cell death (PCD). In plants, PCD occurs during development as well as in response to environmental and biotic stimuli. Our understanding of PCD regulation in plants has advanced significantly over the past tw
TGF-β signal channel TGF-β via TGF-βi-type receptor (TGF-βRi or ALK5) and TGF-βII receptor (TGF-βRii) triggering signal conduction. Both of these receptors are transgeotic deroyedine/soverenate kinase receptors. Essence After combining TGF-β, TGF-βRii recruits the intracellular d
Overview Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was originally discovered because of its ability to stimulate the growth of rat fibroblast cell lines. In the past three decades, TGF-β has been further studied, especially its dual role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is cal